De Hammond F-100 Extravoice
Geïntroduceerd in 1959 en geproduceerd vanaf juni 1961, kun je de F-100 zien als een van de voorlopers van de latere Hammond Piper. De Extravoice was een van de vele uitvindingen van de bekende Hammond- ingenieur : J.M. Hanert.
Hieronder de patent-aanvraag:
Eén klavier, 12 pedalen, een decoratieve lessenaar, vibrato-pedaaltje, twee 10"speakers van 12 watt per stuk zijn de hoofdlijnen. Er zijn 3 lessenaar-variaties geweest.
Hieronder een van de latere open lessenaars.
en ook verschenen er drie verschillende banken. Rond 1964 zijn er ook exemplaren geproduceerd zonder het vibrato-pedaaltje en de serienummers van 8556 kregen ook geen cabinetspeaker-aansluiting meer.
In plaats van een volumepedaal is in een knee-lever (knie-hendel) voorzien. Het is een elektronisch orgel, maar nog wel met een buizenversterker, dus zonder toonwielen en zonder drawbars.
Het klavier heeft 52 toetsen en is in twee polyfonische secties te splitsen (accompaniment en treble) en heeft 24 registers, alsmede verschillende draaiknoppen voor onder andere volume, tone etc. Verder is er ook nog een monofone extra voice aanwezig.
Er zijn twee edities van dit orgel geproduceerd:
Extravoice A en B.
Bouwjaren:
Model A: Jan 1960 - Sept 1961 $ 995,-
Model B: Sept 1961- Aug 1964 $ 995,-
Specificaties
Eén klavier met 52 toetsen
12 Pedalen met Sustain
Split Vibrato
Touch Percussion
3rd Manual Performance
Extra Voice Split
Knee lever Volume Control
Foot pedal Vibrato Cancel
Solo/Organ Division
Dimensions met muziekstandaard: 96 x 245 x 54 cm (BxHxD)
Without music rack: 35-1/4" high
Vier onafhankelijke toongenerator divisies
Output 15 Watt
Gewicht 73 kilo
Hieronder een overzicht van de stemmen:
Let op de knie-hendel, waar je het volume mee regelde, zoals bij het vroegere harmonium of traporgel.
De draaiknop met het witte veld erachter is niet origineel.
Deze wel:
Linkerdeel van het bedieningspaneel. De zwarte draaiknop is niet origineel door de fabriek voorzien. Ook de jackplug connector is niet origineel.
Boven en onder: binnenwerk van een Extravoice
Serienummerplaatje
F-100 Extravoice op ansichtkaart uit 1955.
Er werd veel speciale Extravoice bladmuziek op de markt gebracht.
Kerstadvertentie campagne: "Stil, papa heeft een verrassing voor het hele gezin!"
Hieronder: een F-100 compleet met klavier en al ingebouwd in een B-3!
Hieronder het complete Engelstalige Service Manual
EXTRAVOICE ORGAN BY HAMMOND (Model F-1OO)
The Extravoice by Hammond is a new and somewhat different instrument as compared to Hammond Organs produced heretofore.
The single 52 note keyboard controls the output of three independent tone generating systems. The 12 bass pedals are served by an additional tone generator.
This operation will be covered in detail in this manual.
The Extravoice is self-contained with provisions for attaching special tone cabinets if required.
It has 12 bass pedals, 24 stop tablets for controlling the character of tones produced and three rotating controls on each end of the keyboard for controlling various features.
A knee operated expression control regulates the volume of the entire instrument.
A single short pedal will turn the vibrato on or off. It is operated by the right foot.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE
To install the Extravoice it is necessary only to raise the music rack and to plug the line cord into a wall outlet. The power source must be alternating current of the approximate voltage and frequency indicated on the name plate.
The frequency need not be constant, but must remain within the indicated range.
Oiling is not required.
MUSICAL TERMS
The service man who has had no musical training will find the following information helpful in studying the operation of the instrument.
Notes and Octaves
Keyboard instruments are divided into "octaves" of 12 keys or notes, each with 7 "naturals" (white keys) and 5 "sharps" or "flats" (black keys) in a definite sequence.
MAKING THE EXTRA VOICE PLAY
The organ is turned on by actuating the on-off switch at the upper left.
Volume is increased by swinging the expression control lever down and pushing it to the right.
Musical Divisions
The "Extravoice" division is played by the keyboard and is used for playing a melody with the right hand. This division plays only one note at a time.
If several keys are played at once, only the highest note will sound.
The "Treble" division is independent of the Extravoice division but is played by the same keys.
It's notes augment those of the Extravoice division and also make it possible to play full chords.
The "Accompaniment" division is independent of the treble and other divisions and as the name implies, provides a means of playing accompanimient chords and counter melodies.
The Pedal division has 12 pedals (C to B) which provide bass notes.
Only one pedal note can be called upon at a time because of the sustaining circuit employed.
Rotating Controls
"Maximum Volume" adjusts the maximum level of the entire instrument.
It is normally left in horizontal position.
For small living rooms it should be turned down to retain the full range of expression.
"Accompaniment Melody Lead" adjusts the volume balance between the Treble and Accompaniment divisions of the manual after pressing the "Accom paniment Melody Lead" tablet.
The purpose of this is to permit the player to shift the melody to the accompaniment division.
Extravoice Volume regulates the volume of the Extravoice division relative to the other division of the organ.
Normally it is horizontal but for special emphasis can be advanced.
"Pedal Volume" adjusts volume of the pedals relative to other divisions.
"Pedal Sustain" permits varying decay times for the pedals.
"Extravoice Percussion Time" makes longer or shorter decay time available for the Extravoice division.
Control Tablets
The twenty four stop tablets control range, tone quality, vibrato, attack and decay in conjunction with the rotating controls.
A tablet is "on" for the effect indicated on it when it is pressed down.
Accompaniment Flutes, Accompaninaent Strings, Accompaniment Reeds (Tan)
These stops control the tones of the lower portion of the keyboard (from left end to arrow under the "Extravoice Deep Tone" stop)
The Accompaniment Flute stop provides very mellow and pure tones, Accompaniment Strings produces bright tones similar to strings in an orchestra where Accompaniment Reeds provides a brilliant and piercing tone quality.
One or more of these stops is always used.
Bright Tone, Accompaniment Melody Lead (Blue)
The Bright Tone tablet will make all tones of the organ more brilliant.
Accompaniment Melody Lead will cause a melody played on the Accompaniment Division to stand out from the other divisions, to the degree that the control knob with the same legend has been advanced.
Treble Flutes, Treble Strings, Treble Reeds (Yellow)
These control the upper portion of the keyboard above the range of the TAN tablets. One of these is always used, and they correspond in tone qilality to the accompaniment tablets.
Extravoice Stops (two lower groups of 4 white tablets)
The operation of the Extravoice portion requires that at least one Timbre stop: Deep Tone, Full Tone, Brilliant, Resonator) and at least one Register stop (Contra Bass, Sub Octave, Unison, Super Octave) be used.
Having depressed at least one each, it will be playable down to A# or to the right of the grey keys.
The Extravoice Register Stops control the pitch range of this division.
"Contra Bass" causes the Extravoice to sound two octaves below the Treble division, "Sub Octave" moves it up one octave, "Unison" brings it to the same pitch and "Super Octave" makes the pitch one octave above the Treble.
The Extravoice Timbre Stops alter the frequency characteristic of this division to modify the quality of tones selected by the register stops.
"Deep Tone" emphasizes the low frequencies to provide a pure mellow type of tone while "Full Tone" leaves the frequency essentially flat and gives a generally useful bright quality.
"Brilliant" emphasizes the higher frequencies and gives a piercing quality.
"Resonator" emphasizes a group of overtones characteristic of brass type instruments.
Tablets in these two groups can be combined to produce a great variety of effects.
Extravoice "Extension B" and "Extension G" (Grey)
As the name implies these tablets extend the range of the Extravoice Division to include all a part of the grey keys.
"Extravoice Woodwinds" (White)
This tone tablet changes the string like tones of the Extravoice division to hollow sounding tones of the woodwind or clarinet family.
"Extravoice Fast Attack and Long Percussion Time", "Extravoice Percussion" (White)
When neither control is used, the tonal attack of the Extravoice division is very smooth and is well suited for playing slow moving melodies
such as ballads. When only "Extravoice Fast Attack and Long Percussion Tirae' is used,
the attack becomes very prompt and is useful for fast-moving melodies.
When only "Extravoice Percussion" is used, the attack is percussive and the note fades away (while key is held down) at a comparatively rapid rate.
When "Extravoice Fast Attack and Long Percussion Time" is used with "Extravoice Percussion" the note fades away more slowly.
In both cases the exact rate of fading away is dependent on the setting of the "Extravoice Percussion Time" rotary control.
Vibrato Tablets (Red)
"Extravoice Small Vibrato" adds a small amount of vibrato to that division while "Extravoice Wide Vibrato" has a greater effect.
Using both, the maximum vibrato effect will be obtained.
The "Accompaniment and Treble Vibrato" tablet adds vibrato to these two divisions.
A Vibrato Pedal, played with the right foot, will add full vibrato to all divisions
regardless of setting of the vibrato tablets.
The Extravoice oscillator is a tuned grid sine wave oscillator with positive feedback over two stages. Each Extravoice tuning contact tunes the oscillator to the pitch of the "Super Octave" note associated with that key. When the lowest Extravoice note (key 15) is played, all 38 adjustable tuning coils are connected in series to form the total grid circuit tuning inductance. When any other key is pressed, its tuning contact shorts out some of the coils (making less total inductance) and thus tunes the oscillator to the higher pitch associated with that note. If two keys are pressed, the oscillator sounds only the pitch at the higher key. The frequency range of the oscillator is 494 to 4189 cycles per second. All
Extravoice notes are simultaneously tuned by a slotted shaft on the generator, which shunts small capacitors across the oscillator.
Extravoice Frequency Dividers and Register Controls
The three Extravoice frequency dividers supply the "Unison" tone (from the first divider) "Sub Octave" tone (from the second) and "Contra Bass" tone (from the third)
Each divider supplies two signals of the same frequency but different wave shape. After passing through suitable tone filter circuits, the two sets of signals furnish tones of the woodwind family if the "Extravoice Woodwinds" tablet is on, or of the string family, if this tablet is off.
Each divider includes three triodes. One of the triodes acts as a driver and pulse rectifier, supplying short and narrow negative pulses to actuate a symmetrical feedback tripping circuit comprising two triodes.
Either one (but only one) of these two triodes can be conducting at a time, for by drawing plate current it holds the other in a cut-off condition.
Suppose, for example, that the first triode is conducting and the second is cut off. Now a negative input pulse, impressed on the grids of both triodes, will not affect the second one, which is already cut off, but will cut off the first. This produces a positive pulse at the plate of the first triode, which is applied to the grid of the second triode through it's feedback connection. The second triode then suddenly conducts current, producing a negative pulse at its plate. This negative pulse, applied to the first triode grid through its feedback connection, insures that the first triode remains cut off. The situation is now exactly reversed, with the first triode cut off and the second conducting.
The next input pulse will act on the second triode, cutting it off again and making the first conductive and thus two input cycles are required to produce one output cycle. Each frequency divider circuit therefore divides its input frequency in half, producing an output signal one octave lower than the preceding divider.
One triode plate of each divider stage furnishes a signal of rectangular wave shape to the following driver tube and output signals are taken from the driver and divider plates.
HOW THE EXTRAVOICE ORGAN BY HAMMOND WORKS
All tones of the Extravoice Organ are generated by vacuum tube oscillators and are mixed and amplified by additional vacuum, tube circuits.
Pedal tones are generated by their own oscillator systena, controlled by the pedals. These tones are capable of being mixed with the keyboard controlled tones by proper adjustment of the pedal controls. All tones are combined in the amplifier section and are regulated in volume by the expression pedal before energizing the speaker.
The control contacts of the Accompaniment and Treble divisions start the oscillators, by connecting them with the high voltage supply, only when the key is pressed. The control contacts of the Extravoice division remove the cut-off bias from the control tubes causing that division to sound.
The busbars are movable a short distance endwise and a slotted stud under the keyboard can be turned to provide a fresh contact surface in case a particle of dust prevents a contact from closing.
Vibrato
A single low frequency oscillator provides the vibrato effect for the entire instrument. It is composed of a triode tube in a phase shift circuit (see left end of schematic), giving a frequency of about 6 cycles per second. The vibrato switch tube has a square wave output and its plate circuit acts as a switch to connect and disconnect small condensers
across the Extravoice oscillator tuned circuit.
The two Extravoice vibrato tablets connect compensating condensers when the vibrato is "off" in order to maintain the correct mean frequency with the vibrato on or off.
The Accompaniment and Treble divisions receive their vibrato from the same vibrato oscillator and switch tube, but in opposite phase. The vibrato effect is achieved by applying a varying bias voltage to the grid resistor of each oscillator tube. Since the grid capacitors are current limiting, this varies the frequency of all the oscillators.
Extravoice Oscillator
The Extravoice oscillator is a tuned-grid sine wave oscillator with positive feedback over two stages. Each Extravoice tuning contact tunes the oscillator to the pitch of the "Super Octave" note associated with that key.
When the lowest Extravoice note (key 15) is played, all 38 adjustable tuning coils are connected in series to form the total grid circuit tuning inductance. When any other key is pressed, its tuning contact shorts out some of the coils (making less total inductance) and thus tunes the oscillator to the higher pitch associated with that note. If two keys are
pressed, the oscillator sounds only the pitch at the higher key. The frequency range of the oscillator is 494 to 4189 cycles per second. All Extravoice notes are simultaneously tuned by a slotted shaft on the generator, which shunts small capacitors across the oscillator.
Extravoice Frequency Dividers and Register Controls
The three Extravoice frequency dividers supply the "Unison" tone (from the first divider) "Sub Octave" tone (from the second) and "Contra Bass" tone (from the third)
Each divider supplies two signals of the same frequency but different wave shape. After passing through suitable tone filter circuits, the two sets of signals furnish tones of the woodwind family if the "Extravoice Woodwinds" tablet is on, or of the string family, if this tablet is off.
Each divider includes three triodes. One of the triodes acts as a driver and pulse rectifier, supplying short and narrow negative pulses to actuate a symmetrical feedback tripping circuit comprising two triodes.
Either one (but only one) of these two triodes can be conducting at a time, for by drawing plate current it holds the other in a cut-off condition.
Suppose, for example, that the first triode is conducting and the second is cut off. Now a negative input pulse, impressed on the grids of both triodes, will not affect the second one, which is already cut off, but will cut off the first. This produces a positive pulse at the plate of the first triode, which is applied to the grid of the second triode through its feedback connection. The second triode then suddenly conducts current, producing a negative pulse at its plate. This negative pulse, applied to the first triode grid through its feedback connection, insures that the first triode remains cut off. The situation is now exactly reversed, with the first triode cut off and the second conducting.
The next input pulse will act on the second triode, cutting it off again and making the first conductive: thus two input cycles are required to produce one output cycle. Each frequency divider circuit therefore divides its input frequency in half, producing an output signal one octave lower than the preceding divider. One triode plate of each divider stage furnishes a signal of rectangular wave shape to the following driver tube and output signals are taken from the driver and divider plates.
Hier de Extravoice in combinatie met andere instrumenten.
En hier een gedeelte van een op de F-100 opgenomen grammofoonplaat, waarop goed het effect van het vibrato-pedaal te horen is..
Tot slot de rest van Hanert's patent-aanvraag, inclusief een bladmuziekvoorbeeld ,hoe deze bespeeld kan/moet worden.
